AIR CONDITIONING SYSTEM OR AIR CONDITIONER

Air conditioner is the basic need of today lifestyle. In order maintain comfortable environment one chooses to adapt air conditioning systems.

Air conditioning plays a vital role in day to day life which provides comfort to humans but also maintains atemperature that promotes the proper smooth execution of high heat dissipation machine.

As we know in order to keep the vehicle engine we use coolant, in the same way air-conditioning helps to cool the high heat rejecting equipment.

In in this article we will find the various type of air conditioning systems which are been used according to the requirement .

Those who less aware of air conditioning let us make it clear that air conditioner is a device or a system that gives cooling effect to desired area with the four main component that are compressor, condenser, expansion device and evaporator using vapour compression refrigeration cycle.

CLASSIFICATION OF AIR CONDITIONING

Basically air conditioner are the classified into two type :

Basically refrigerant are the chemical gas which are generally made of hydro chlorofluorocarbon or chlorofluorocarbon or hydro fluorocarbon.

Which has a capacity to absorb the heat from the are which is to be cool and reject it outside.

This properties of refrigerant help air conditioner to provide cooling effect.

Hence it is divided into two i.e direct expansion and indirect expansion

Direct Expansion

In this the refrigerant is directly responsible to cool the air of the desired area.

Well directly responsible means low pressure and low temperature refrigerant liquid comes directly in contact with the air which is to be cooled in the desired area.

Hence it is called direct expansion

Indirect Expansion

In this the refrigerant is indirectly responsible to cool the air of the desired area.

Indirectly responsible means the refrigerant comes in direct contact with water and cools it .this cool water is than supplied to the space which to be cooled .

Cool water is been passed through coils and blower helps to give away cool air to the surrounding space.

Now will understand what are the systems which are been included in direct and indirect air conditioning sytem.

DIRECT EXPANSION SYSTEM

š WINDOW AIR CONDITIONING SYSTEM

š SPLIT AIR CONDITIONING SYSTEM

š DUCTABLE SPLIT AIR CONDITIONING SYSTEM

š PACKAGE AIR CONDITIONING SYSTEM

š VRF/VRV

This are the air conditioner which falls under this category of direct expansion system.

INDIRECT EXPANSION SYSTEM

š AIR COOLER CHILLER SYSTEM

š WATER COOLER CHILLER SYSTEM

This are the air conditioner which falls under this category of indirect expansion system.

We will sure elaborate this, and will also understand everything in detail.

WINDOW AIR CONDITIONING SYSTEM

Basically foundation of air conditioning system is vapour refrigeration air conditioning system.

Window air conditioner is like a box which has copper coils which connects compressor ,condenser, expansionvalve and evaporator.

As the name suggest it was placed on the windows hence it is names as window air conditioners.

It is basically has two parts , the box of air conditioner is placed partially outside the window and other partially inside the window.

In window air conditioning the condenser and compressor are place outside the window and expansion device and evaporator placed inside the room as shown in the figure.

SPLIT AIR CONDITIONING SYSTEM

š HI WALL

š CASSETTE

š FREE STAND /TOWER TYPE

Well split air conditioner are the advance version of the window air conditioning system.

Advancement are the removal of disadvantages of the previous system.

Similarly split were introduce as window air conditioning system has comparatively noisy due to compressor in the box, high maintenance ,etc

As the name ,split are the system which split the compressor and condesor outside the room in a box and evaporator and expansion device in anther box connecting both boxes via copper coils.

HI WALL

CASSETTE

FREE STAND /TOWER TYPE

DUCT-ABLE SPLIT AIR CONDITIONING SYSTEM

IT IS BIGGER VERSION OF SPLIT AC WITH DUCT ATTACHING OPTION AND VENTILATION AS PER STD.

IT IS CEILING SUSPENDED AND CONCEALED TYPE HAVING CAPACITY 3 TO 25 TR

PACKAGE AIR CONDITIONING SYSTEM

IT IS A BIGGER VERSION OF WINDOW AC HAVING CAPACITY 3 – 125 TR

GENERALLY CONSIST OF 1)AIR COOLED 2) WATER COOLED

Air cooled package condensing unit are cooled by air and water cooled package a condensing unit are cooled by water.

VRF/VRV

A VRF air conditioning system is a particular type of heat pump air conditioning system in which one outdoor unit can be connected to multiple indoor units .

Each indoor units is individually controllable by the user and a variety of unit styles can be mixed and matched to individual tendency req. e.g. hi wall, cassette and ducted unit.

This system consists of no. of air handling units(48 nos) connected to condensing or outdoor unit.

The refrigerant flow is varied using either an inverter controlled variable speed compressor or multiple compressor of varying capacity in response to change in the cooling or heating requirement within the air cooled space.

A large building can have about 50 to 60 units of indoors and 1000 mtr of refrigerant piping , the pipes will also fitted with several control boxes for correct flow of refrigerant flow to the indoor unit.

Working principle

š The indoor temperature sensor according to actual load of the indoor unit controls the electronic expansion valve.

š Which controls the flow of refrigerant via compressor speed according to change in the refrigerant pressure

š In the way indoor unit can adjust the needs automatically

4TR – 38 TR

FOR HEATING THE CYCLE IS REVERSED

ADVANTAGE

š NO WASTE OF ENERGY

š INDIVIDUAL CONTROL POSSIBLE

š USES HFC REFRIGERANT ,ENVIRONMENT FRIENDLY

DISADVANTAGES

š INCASE REFRIGERANT LEAKAGE IN ANY OF THE INDOOR ,COMPLETE REFRIGERANT WILL RELEASE FROM CIRCUIT

š NO VENTILATION

CHILLER AIR HANDLERS

AIR HANDLING UNIT

š IT CONSIST OF LARGE BOX CONTAINING A BLOWER,HEATING AND COOLING COILS,FILTERS,ATTEANATOR AND DAMPERS.

š CAPACITY 2000 CFM TO 100,000CFM

š FAN MOTOR IS CONNECTED VIA BELT AND PULLEY

š WITH DUCTS

FAN COIL UNIT

š IT CONSIST OF HEATING AND COOLING COIL WITH FAN.

š CAPACITY 2000 CFM

š FAN MOTOR IS CONNECTED DIRECTLY.

š DIRECT THROW

CHILLER

š IT CONSIST OF MULTI COMPRESSOR , MULTI CONDENSER BUT ONLY ONE EVAPORATOR WITH PIPING AND CONTROLS.

š CHILLER IS A MACHINE WHICH REMOVES HEAT FROM WATER VIA VAPOUR COMPRESSION CYCLE.

š THE CHILLED WATER FROM CHILLER IS DISTRIBUTED TO HEAT EXCHANGER OR COOLING COILS IN THE AHU AND HOT WATER IS RETURNED BACK TO THE CHILLER.

1)AIR COOLER CHILLER: IN THIS SYSTEM CONDENSING UNIT IS COOLED VIA AIR.

2)WATER COOLER CHILLER:IN THIS SYSTEM CONDENSING COIL ARE COOLED BY WATER BY MEANS OF COOLING TOWER.

CAPACITY RANGES OF CHILLERS

š 25 TR – 420 TR INDIA

š 15 TR -3500 TR GULF OR WESTERN

š UPTO 6000TR NEW YORK

ADVANTAGES

š LESS CONSUMPTION OF POWER AS WATER DENSITY LETS TO PUMP UP WITH 80% TO 90% SAVING OF THE RUNNING COST.

WATER COOLED CHILLER

A water cool chiller is the most efficient system than that of air cool chiller.

why??

basically it comes under the category of wet bulb temperature whereas air cool chiller comes under dry bulb temperature.

hence if we compare both dry and wet temperature we will find wet bulb has less temperature hence it is therefore more efficient.

Now lets understand the process of water cool chiller.

As shown in the figure it clear that it consist of

vapour compression cycle
air handler piping loops
cooling tower piping loops

APPLICATION OF WATER COOLED CHILLER

š USED IN THE BUILDING WITH LESS FLOOR LIKE AIRPORT,LABS,HOSPITALS,CAMPUS,

š THIS CHILLER ARE MOST EFFICIENT ,EVEN IF OUTSIDE TEMP.IS 120°F

AIR COOLED CHILLER

a A air cool chiller are similar to water cool chiller the difference only is that for cooling the refrigerant at condenser instead of water loops natural cooling current of atmospheric air is used.

As condenser is been cooled by natural current of air , it is quite natural that the air should have high velocity to cool the system at a faster rate.

Generally it is been suggested to place it on high rise roof where the velocity of the air are very high .

APPLICATION OF AIR COOLED CHILLER

š High rise buildings which is placed on roof top because at high altitude velocity is high.

š Big malls.

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